Articles written by Michael Totten

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About me - Michael Totten

Eukaryota, Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primates, Hominidae, Homo, occasionally sapiens.

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Pets & Animals > Dog Psychology Do dogs comprehend the English language?: 1 of 26
Every trained dog understands that certain words are connected with certain expectations. When the dog hears "Sit," it knows that it is expected to settle onto its hind haunches. When it does so, a dog who has been trained with food rewards knows to expect a treat. This is operant conditioning, a learned association with spec... More..
Hobbies & Games > Card Games How to become a qualified poker dealer in the US: 1 of 21
You always dreamed of becoming a professional poker dealer. Maybe you fell in love with the glitz and glam and storied history of Las Vegas, or maybe a dreamy riverboat cruise is more your speed. Now you stand at the threshold of your dream, and are wondering how to turn it into reality.Look no further. This article will tell... More..
Arts & Humanities > Colonial & Early American History A look at how the Pilgrims interacted with Native Americans: 1 of 18
The best known story of how the Pilgrims interacted with Native Americans is the story of Squanto and the first Thanksgiving. That comes later in this tale. Less well known is that unbeknownst to the Pilgrims, they had ventured into an area where early English exploration had resulted in a few incidents of armed conflict and ... More..
Business > Marketing An introduction to public relations: 1 of 11
Public relations is the aspect of marketing which manages the flow of information from the company to the public. Depending on the scope of the business operation, public relations may also need to separately manage the flow of information from the company to two other major stakeholders, the government and the military, whic... More..
Arts & Humanities > Colonial & Early American History Foods the Pilgrims brought to America: 1 of 10
There is no record of the provisions the Pilgrims brought to America on board the Mayflower. However, Captain John Smith's 1627 "A Sea Grammar" gives a list of standard ship provisions for cross-Atlantic journeys. It is safe to assume that the Mayflower was similarly provisioned. Staple grains:* fine wheat flour* rice* oatmea... More..
Business > Advertising A guide to better television commercials: 1 of 9
The key requirement of a good television commercial is that the advertised product be remembered in a positive way. The commercial itself may be amusing, dramatic, clever, or even annoying, so long as it accomplishes this goal. The commercial can thus be seen as having two primary components: product recognition and positive ... More..
Entertainment > Music Education What role does vocal range play in opera music: 1 of 8
Vocal range refers not only to the notes a singer is able to reach but also to the tonal qualities of his or her voice. These qualities exist because musical sound is more than a wave pattern associated with a specific pitch. Rather, the tone is produced by a complex interaction of resonances, resulting in a series of distinc... More..
Pets & Animals > Birds Bird facts: Peregrine falcon: 1 of 8
As the cheetah is the fastest animal on land, so the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is the fastest bird in the skies. A member of the raptor family of birds, the peregrine hunts by flying for extended periods at very high altitudes while searching the ground and skies below for suitable prey. When it spots a quarry, it g... More..
Pets & Animals > Aquarium Fish Fish species: Dwarf puffers: 1 of 8
The dwarf pufferfish (Carinotetraodon travancoricus) is a popular choice for freshwater aquariums not only because of its attractive appearance and small size, but also because of its unique mannerisms and personality. Its dominant color is yellow, with iridescent dark splotches across its flanks and back which change color w... More..
Sciences > Ecology & Environment How the emerald ash beetle came to America: 1 of 8
The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is an invasive insect species which was brought to North America in 2002. Since it has no natural predators capable of controlling it in North America, it is now threatening to wipe out all its ash trees in the same way as the elm trees once fell victim to Dutch elm disease. Suscept... More..