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Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Protein in the Human Body

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and protein, known as macromolecules or macronutrients, all play a critical role in the overall health of the human body. Each of these nutrients is needed in large amounts in order to provide calories and energy for the body. It is important that a sufficient amount of each of these nutrients is part of the daily diet.

"According to the Dietary Reference Intakes published by the USDA, 45% - 65% of calories should come from carbohydrate" (Macronutrients). Carbohydrates can easily be used by the body for energy or stored in the muscles or liver for later use. They help many areas of the body to function properly and help to ensure intestinal health and waste elimination. Diets insufficient in carbohydrates can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and digestive problems.

Lipids, or fats, are often negatively associated with weight gain and obesity. However, fats have an important function in the body. Not only do they supply the body with energy like the other macromolecules, they also support normal growth and development, absorb certain vitamins, and provide cushioning for the organs. It is important that fat intake is balanced. An excess of calories from fat can ultimately lead to weigh gain. It is also important to be aware of the types of fat being consumed. Saturated fat and Trans fat can increase the risk of heart disease and, therefore, should be limited.

Protein has many important functions. It is necessary for the repair of muscles and tissues, supports the proper functioning of the immune system, and is important for normal growth especially in children and teens. Proteins can be found in both animal and plant products. Consequently, most Americans easily consume the recommended daily amount of protein in their diet. Because protein is essential to all parts of the body, a diet without the proper intake of protein will cause the body to slowly begin to shut down. Not only is a sufficient amount of protein necessary to good health, a variety of different types of protein are also important as some proteins are "complete" and some "incomplete" in providing the body's needs.

There are diets that encourage a high intake of certain macromolecules. Most
body-building diets encourage a large intake of all macromolecules to allow for the building
of muscles. Some diets, such as the L.A. Shape Diet, encourage higher intake of proteins while

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