And an embryo must start from a single cell because an egg is a single cell. That says nothing about descent from single-celled organisms.
5. Chemical Complexity
There are serious chemical problems with the beginning of evolution, meaning the formation of the first amino acids and such compounds of life from a mixture of chemicals. One simple problem is the fact that randomly-forming amino acids will be an equal mixture of left-handed and right-handed molecules, but every single amino acid used in living things today is left-handed. Right-handed amino acids do not work in the bodies of living things. This chirality cannot be the product of natural random processes.
A second chemical problem is that of reactivity. Proteins are formed from a very specific sequence of many amino acids (all of which must be left-handed, of course), but these sequences do not correspond at all to the reactivity of the amino acids with each other. In a randomly-forming protein, the most reactive amino acids will bind together first, and then less reactive ones later. Also, there are many different orders of the same amino acids due to the way they could bind to either end of the chain. Producing a specific protein for a specific function randomly is mathematically and chemically impossible even without the chirality problem.
6. Probability
Not only are there real chemical problems with the idea that the necessary building blocks for life formed by themselves and assembled themselves into a living cell, the whole idea is mind-numbingly improbable. By improbable, I don't mean "unlikely, but possible by a remote chance." I mean that the probability against it is so high that it is literally impossible. Even the probability that the correct sequences of amino acids could come together to form a working cell is almost literally zero, let alone form more complex living things.
7. Transitional Forms
If creatures evolved gradually over time, then there must be many transitional forms between fully formed creatures. However, almost all fossils appear with fully formed features. Some fossils are of creatures that no longer exist, so they are unfamiliar to us compared to existing creatures, but they are still fully functional. If creatures really evolved, then there must be many times the number of transitional forms than fully-formed creatures, but the fossil record does not show this. Darwin probably just assumed that people had not found enough fossils yet, and future fossils would support his
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Introduction
If you are an evolutionist, you believe that natural processes formed all present life from chemicals to one-celled
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Flaws in the evolution theory
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