3 of 25

Write now Article Tools

If you're an allergy sufferer, you know how miserable alergies can make you feel. But how is it that these tiny little particles can have such a big effect on a person? What is it about allergens that creates so much misery?

Allergies are an out-of-control immune system response to a normally benign foreign invader. The first time a person who is susceptible to allergies comes in contact with an allergen no symptoms occur. Instead, the cells of the immune system recognize the allergen and start to produce an antibody called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) that is specific for that particular allergen. This IgE antibody then binds to other immune cells called mast cells. The next time an exposure to this allergen occurs, the allergen particles bind to IgE on the mast cells, which then release substances called "mediators."

These mediators act on the body in various ways. One of these mediators, histamine, causes small blood vessels to expand, increases the permeability of the blood vessels (makes them leaky), and causes smooth muscle contraction. Many blood vessels are lined with smooth muscle, so this squeezes fluid into surrounding tissues causing swelling.

Where the reaction occurs depends on the route of entry. When the allergen is inhaled, such as ragweed pollen, the allergic reaction takes place in the nasal mucosa. If the allergen is swallowed, as in the case of food allergies, then the gastrointestinal lining is the site of the reaction.

Allergic symptoms can range from mild nasal rhinitus (stuffy nose) to anaphylactic shock and death. For most people the symptoms are mild. Allergies to inhaled allergens such as pollen, dust, and animal dander tend to cause itchy or dry eyes, stuffy or runny nose, sinus pressure, sneezing, coughing, post-nasal drip, and congestion. Occasionally, a rash may occur. In some people, allergies can cause irritability, fatigue, muscle aches and stiffness, depression, and decreased mental concentration.

Once in a while, someone is extremely allergic to certain allergens, such as bee venom or the antibiotic, penicillin. If exposed to these substances, these people will have a severe response called an anaphylactic reaction. This is a life-threatening condition and must be treated immediately or they might die.

The best way to prevent allergies is to avoid the allergen. For most allergy sufferers, though, this just isn't possible. Allergies can be treated in a number of ways, including inhaled nasal sprays, pills, liquids, allergy shots,

• 1
• 2
• next page >>

Add your voice

Know something about Allergies: Symptoms and treatment?
We want to hear your view. Write now!