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kill immediately the embryo. The male will not eat anymore for another 2 months, until the female comes back from fishing to give him the change in the group.

The male had to bear winds up to 200 Km/h and temperatures down to -50 or -60 C, while the female, while looking for food in the sea, "normally" dives between 150 and 250 metres (the record is registered is 565 m !) .

Their swimming speed varies from a normal value of 6-9 Km/h to a maximum of 19-20 Km/h.

The chicks hatch after about 65 months and, after the return of the female, the male goes in the sea to recover his energies and fat reserves under his skin.
The chick grows very quickly and, at the end of the winter, it's already as its parents.

Penguin's couples remain stable also after weeks of separation, but what is incredible, is that each of them can find again the partner and its chicks also among many thousands of other individuals, crowded and shouting, all apparently equal among them. Maybe, they can distinguish the exact frequency and timbre or their partners voices, but not all the scientists agree with this explanation.
The couples can stay united for one year or more, then, they form other ones, at least for another year.

- Other penguins species and their conservation status.

In the Antarctica, the other penguins species present are the Adelia penguin and the Papua penguin, all smaller than the Emperor penguin.
The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue penguin, or also Fairy penguin, only 40 cm tall.
All the species of penguins recognized by researchers are 17-20, there's not a general agreement on their number.

All the species are not rare but endangered by the reduction of fish in the Antarctic sea for the effects of climate change and the industrial fishing of crustaceans and little fish, the food for penguins and all the other animals living in the Antarctica.

References:

http://encyclopedia.thefreedic tionary.com/

http://en.wikipedia.com/

Learn more about this author, Aldo Bonincontro.
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