What is the Difference Between Affirmative Action and Diversity?

What is the difference between affirmative action and diversity? Sometimes it can be hard to tell the difference between the two because of all the similarities the policies share. There are many inherent differences however, the most noticeable of which is the voluntary nature of the policy, or the lack thereof. One may argue that the differences are moot because the goal of the two is the same: to include traditionally underrepresented minorities in the work force and scholastic institutions. Others would argue that because affirmative action is a mandatory policy, it is ineffective at truly developing the inclusion of minorities. The thinking is that despite the fact that it gets their foot in the door, once inside they can't succeed.

Diversity is a term used to describe the presence of variations between individuals including race, sex, color, creed, religion, national origin, etc. Most organizations view diversity in a positive light and even believe it may add competitive advantage in some cases. Diversity is said to increase creativity and trust among workforces to benefit company productivity. It may increase understanding of customer cultures and personality traits to better customer service. Companies that appreciate the different and unique traits that characterize individuals, typically report greater worker satisfaction as well as greater acceptance among employees. Because of this, many organizations strive to achieve diversity among their workforce voluntarily.

Affirmative action was first discussed in President John F. Kennedy's' 1961 speech on rectifying discrimination that was persistent despite the multitude of laws passed to prevent it. Many supporters agreed with the President when he stated that discrimination was still affecting minorities' opportunities of being offered a job, being accepted to schools, being awarded scholarships and financial aid, and being offered advancements at work. Though it was originally introduced by President Kennedy, it was not until President Johnson took office that affirmative action was adopted and subsequently implemented.

In his 1965 speech, President Johnson explained the intricate details of affirmative action and its future affects on businesses, schools, the public, and other institutions. All institutions identified by the government would be mandated to participate and adhere to the guidelines set forth by the statute.

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