minus from the length or size. This is called the Drop Rating. As example, a minus 3 is a bat whose weight is equal to the length minus 3, or for a 33 inch bat the weight would be 30. This length and weight differential in bats breaks down to three general age levels for bat selection; Youth, Senior, and Adult. There is a variation in available drop ratings for youth bats between minus 12 and minus 7, whereas senior bats used for ages up to around 14 are either minus 7 or minus 5, and all adult bats typically high school level players and above - are minus 3.
The league, age group or level of play may have rules about which bats can be used such as high schools requiring a drop rating no greater than minus three. Additionally bats used in High School and College games must be BESR (BALL EXIT SPEED RATIO) certified which signifies a tested maximum speed of a hit ball off the bat. Be sure to check with an umpire, league official or coach on any rule limitations or requirements before purchasing a new bat.
A simple test of a player's ability to handle a particular size of bat is to have them hold the bat, near the knob with their dominant hand right hand for righties out in front of them with a straight arm. Maintaining this for ten seconds without the bat head dipping or shaking gives a rough indication that the bat is light enough. Taking a few practice swings will help confirm the right bat size selection. Make sure the hitter is able to control the bat through the full swing. The swing should not pull the batter or send them off balance. These elements will help narrow the choices down to a few appropriate sizes or types, but ultimately it's the hitter's confidence and comfort that is the measure of the right bat size.
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