Emergency and First Aid measures for Burns.

The distinction between burns and scalds is simply that the latter is caused by moist heat such as steam, the injuries produced are the same, whether the heat is moist or dry. Burning is a very common accident, and many cases could be prevented by the knowledge and avoidance of certain risks. Young children, for example, should never be left alone in a room with an open fireplace, or a stove, lighted candles or any other form of heat or flame, unless there is an effective fire guard.

Special care should be taken to keep flannel or any other flammable material away from naked light, children have been known to get burnt just by standing near a fire in flannel nightgowns. The delicacy of a young child=s skin, is such that serious burning may be caused by applying an over hot poultice ( soft moist material, etc. put on the skin to reduce inflammation).

A burn may only cause redness of the skin, or blisters. If it is more severe, then the skin may be destroyed partially or wholly, the soft tissues may be damaged to a considerable depth, or the bone may be actually charred. In addition, if the burn is severe, then it is more than likely associated with shock. It is important to remember when this happens, that there may be no complaint or pain. Children are more likely to be affected in this way than adults, except of course, in the case of the elderly.

If the skin is not broken, then Vaseline, burn cream (these are available over the counter) or a paste made of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) is applied. If the skin is broken, then a rag dipped in antiseptic lotion can be applied. If you are uncovering a burn, then do not pull away the clothing, you will first cut the material around the burn, then soak off the rest. If the person is on fire, then wrap a blanket or coat around the person, and have them roll on the floor.

Where there is broken skin, greasy applications should never be made. The reason for this, is that they may make the cleaning of the burn more difficult, and subsequently results in septic contamination. The aim in treating a burn, is to keep them free from suppuration (giving off pus)
Where there is merely reddening of the skin, then eucalyptus or zinc ointment, Vaseline, cold cream or olive oil may be applied, zinc oxide can also be applied, or as previously instructed, a paste of baking soda and water. Large blisters should be pricked, and a cool cloth applied, until the person sees a doctor.

When a burn has not gone beyond the stage of blistering, then scarring is highly unlikely. But in deeper burns, scarring usually follows. If the burn affects surfaces which come in contact with people, or your hands or clothing, it is necessary to exercise care, and follow the strict instructions of the doctor during healing.

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