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Betta splendens, the Siamese Fighting Fish, or betta, as it is more commonly known, is a native fish of the Mekong river in Southeast Asia. Although there are over 50 types of betta fish, this species is the most popular variety of freshwater fish used in aquariums in the United States. The natural coloration of the fish is dull brown and green, but through selective breeding the fish have been produced to have the trademark brilliant colors and flowing tail and fins that are associated with betta fish.

If cared for properly, betta fish in aquariums can live from 2-5 years. These fish are typically carnivorous surface feeders, but they will roam over their entire habitat. They also have an organ in their heads which allows them to take oxygen directly from the atmosphere, in addition to taking it through their gills. After mating, females will lay anywhere from 150-500 eggs, which are tended to by the male. After the young are born and swimming freely, they are abandoned by the male betta fish.

Popular lore suggests that two male betta fish will fight to the death. In the wild, the loser of the battle tends to retreat, rather than being killed off. However, in an enclosed space such as an aquarium, there is no place to run to, and the more aggressive fish will keep at the attack until the other is killed. Therefore it is not a good idea to house two male betta fish in an aquarium unless they are separated by a wall. Males can also kill females unless they are siblings, breeding, the tank is large enough for the female to escape, or they are separated by a wall. Females can cohabitate a tank as long as there is enough room and hiding spaces, but one female typically bullies the weaker fish. When there are four or more females, they tend to live peacefully in an established hierarchy system.

Betta fish can exist peacefully in tanks with other fish, but careful research must be done as to the types of fish that can get along with bettas. Bettas can kills smaller fish, and will nip at the fins of slow-moving fish. Gouramis and Paradise Fish may get into fights with bettas in which one or more fish are killed. Other aggressive fish, such as barbs and piranhas, can not cohabitate with betta fish.

Betta fish are beautiful creatures and can make an attractive addition to any aquarium or small fish tank. However, prior to obtaining a betta fish, research should be done to ensure that proper diet is administered to the fish as well as a peaceful habitat is maintained. With good care, these fish can easily live in captivity for several years.

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