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Concussion is a type of head injury when the brain is subjected to a blow and the person loses consciousness for a period of time which may be a few seconds or minutes. It often occurs during sports when a player is knocked to the ground and bangs their head but can also occur in a fall or road traffic accident amongst other things.

The symptoms of concussion include unconsciousness which is temporary, headaches, nausea or vomiting, loss of memory, dizziness, visual problems, balance problems, inability to concentrate, tiredness, anxiousness and low mood.

If you suspect someone has concussion it is best to seek medical advice as it is difficult to determine how serious the problem may be. Certainly if the person has been unconsciousness for more than a few minutes, vomits, has a fit, regains consciousness but then deteriorates you should seek medical help.

When concussion has occurred it is advised to encourage the person to rest for the next 24 hours and not to do any physical work this will allow the brain to heal itself. Use a cold compress on the affected area to reduce any swelling and give pain relief. Paracetamol and Ibuprofen can be given in the recommended doses for relief of pain however it is advised that Aspirin is not used as this is a blood thinner and could increase the amount of bleeding. The person should be monitored for up to 24 hours after the incident to ensure their condition does not deteriorate. If there is any sign of deterioration you should seek medical advice immediately.

Any severe concussion should be treated in hospital as careful monitoring has to take place and surgery in extreme cases may have to take place. This is because the concussion can cause the blood vessels in the brain to tear and blood builds up which puts pressure on the brain. This blood has to be released which can only happen by drilling into the skull to drain it so releasing the pressure.

Concussion can be prevented in many cases by wearing appropriate head gear in sports where concussion is likely to occur eg. in rugby and wearing helmets when cycling, canoeing, climbing or pot-holing to avoid concussion.

Learn more about this author, Alison Moss.
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