by Jeff Parsons

Created on: December 05, 2007   Last Updated: April 18, 2011

In the 4th century, when seafaring Polynesians discovered beautiful Kauai, they encountered the mythical Menehune, a tribe of small people already living there, who may still dwell within the lush rainforests, giving credence to many mischievous occurrences. From this beginning, Kauai's ancient, mysterious and exotic history has created a wellspring of rich, vibrant and colorful culture that awaits you at the following sites, most of which are free:

Northern Shore...

Nualolo Kai, Na Pali Coast. Since the 13th century, this village site was used to grow taro, breadfruit and sweet potato crops for food, medicine, clothing and shelter. Accessible only by charted boat.

Hauola Place of Refuge, Lydgate State Park. This ancient sanctuary sheltered those who broke the law or were defeated in battle.

Kilauea Lighthouse, Kilauea. This unique 1913 lighthouse safely guided ships around Kilauea Point. The surrounding area is a National Wildlife Refuge for seabirds and monk seals.

Western Shore...

Kamokila Hawaiian Village, Wailua. This historical village's reenactment of everyday food preparation, games and craftwork is the best showcase example of how the Hawaiians lived long ago. $5/ person.

Fort Elizabeth, Waimea. This Russian outpost was built in 1817, but was soon abandoned to the Hawaiians. The quiet standing stones of the walls and houses make you feel like another world existed there by the sea, not too long ago.

Menehune Ditch, Waimea. Local folklore tells that this aqueduct was built by the Menehune, and per the archaeologists, long before the Polynesians ever arrived.

Captain Cook Monument, Hofgaard Park, Waimea. On his voyage to Alaska, British Captain James Cook discovered Kauai in 1778, setting ashore in Waimea Bay at the site of royalty's winter headquarters and forever changing Hawaiian history.

Lihu'e (Eastern Shore)...

Grove Farm Homestead, Lihu'e. The 1864 pioneer's life can be seen at the Wilcox missionary home, 80 acres of sugar cane fields, worker's quarters, various sheds and gardens. $5/ adults and $2/ children.

Kilohana Plantation, Lihu'e. The mansion, farms and gardens of this 1930's estate show you a glimpse into the lifestyle of Kauai 's privileged elite. Horse carriage rides: estate grounds ($8/ person) and sugar cane fields ($21/ person).

Coconut Coast (Eastern Shore)...

Polihale Heiau, Polihale State Park. Ancient idol sites are located within the grounds of Kauai 's largest temple (a.k.a. Heiau).

Southern Shore...

Koloa Town. The ruins of Hawaii's first sugar plantation, built in 1835, are located in the downtown district.

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