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:DISEASES OF HEART:

1.ANGINA PECTORIS:-

1.intermittent chest pain

2.be caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia

3.the episode , exertion or some other form of stress.

4.fixed Ath narrowing ( usually 75% or greater) of one or more coronary arteries.

5.with this degree of Obstruction, the myocardial oxygen demand may be adequate under basal conditions but can not augmented sufficiently to meet the increased requirement imposed exercise or other conditions that stress the heart.

6.The pain is usually relieved by rest or by administration of nitroglycerin.

2. ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:-

1.definition the development of a area of myocardial necrosis caused by local ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction also known as heart attack.

2.pathogenesis :-

a.the fundamental lesions
b.the complication

3.distributions:-
a.Anterior and apical left ventricle
b.Anterior two thirds of the interventricular septum
c.Posterior wall of the left ventricle
d.Posterior one third of the interventricular septum
e.Lateral wall of left ventricle

4.Pathology:-

a.Coagulation necrosis
b.Granulation tissue
c.Organization to form a collagen-rich scar

5.Complications:-

a.Externa l rupture
b.Mural thrombi
c.Acute pericarditis
d.Ventricular aneurysms

3.CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE:-

1.the development of progressive congestive heart failure as a consequence of long-term ischemic myocardial injury.

2.With a history of angina pectoris and infraction

3.May also be more insidiously

4.in the heart : multiple areas of myocardial fibrosis enlarged with dilation of all cardiac chambers

4. HYPERTENSION:-

1.DefinitionA sustained diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg, or sustained systolic pressure in excess of 140mmHg

1.Left ventricular hypertrophy :-

A.Weight exceeds 450g

B.Involves the ventral wall in a symmetric, circumferential pattern termed concentric hypertrophy

C.Free wall thickness exceeding 2.0 cm

D.The size of the chamber is normal in the early stage, but in long-standing cases, some degree of dilate is common

E.As the left ventricular hypertrophy progressed, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation may also develop

2. Congestive heart failures

A.Sustained pressure load

B.Oxygen demands of hypertrophy increase (continuously)

C.The ability of the heart to meet the demands decreases.

D.Kidneys: Symmetric contraction

5.RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE:-

1.Rheum: An upper respiratory infection

2.An acute, immunologically mediated, multi-systemic inflammatory disease.

3.Involving 3 layers

Acute and chronic

4.Acute rheumatic carditis

5.Pancarditis

6.Pericas rdiatis:

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