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Russia is a country of contradictions - the rich splendor of it's imperial history overlaid with the grim hardship of its more recent Communist regimes. It has struggled since the dissolution of the USSR but thanks to its oil and gas reserves, its growing economy is now breathing new life in to its people and culture. As a first time visitor you will notice this newfound vitality mixed with remnants of its old lumbering bureaucracy. It's a fascinating and diverse country, totally unique and well worth the journey to get there. Here are some tips and information to make your trip run smoothly.

Before you go
All foreign visitors to Russia must obtain a visa before departure - if you arrive without one you will be sent straight back at your own expense. You can apply directly through a Russian Consulate office in the US but Russia is one of those countries where it pays to utilize a third party to coordinate your application. What makes the process slightly different to other countries is that you need to obtain an 'invitation' from a resident, which for a tourist visa means a hotel voucher or confirmation. Check www.visahq.com to apply online. You will also need a passport that's valid for at least 6 months after your intended departure date and a passport-sized photo. VisaHQ also have information on other types of visa requirements and current customs regulations.
Vaccinations are not required for travel to Russia and the health risks in general are no worse than in the US. This therefore means also taking the same hygiene precautions (particularly regarding HIV). Travel insurance is always recommended and should you need medical treatment in Russia, will mean that you can access a private clinic rather than having to wait long hours at a state hospital.

Money
The currency in Russia is the ruble and one ruble consists of 100 kopeek. It's easy to exchange nice crisp dollars in to rubles but for some reason the exchange clerks often won't accept dirty or worn notes. Credit cards are widely accepted and there are plenty of ATM machines in the major cities although you might find it difficult to find those connected to Cirrus or Plus networks. If possible use bank ATM's since they are less likely to have been tampered with. Traveler's checks are more difficult to change and they have high commission levels but if you're taking some, Amex are best. Overall, always make sure you have enough cash to hand but don't flash it around too obviously in public.

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