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INFLUENTIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS IN HISTORY

The most influential psychologists in history are Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Erik Erikson, Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May, B. F. Skinner, Frederick S. Perls, and Albert Ellis. These are the more modern day psychologists.

Before these psychologists came into being there were other psychologists who laid the groundwork for Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner to develop their respective theories of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. They were Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler, Edward Lee Thorndike, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, John B. Watson, Edward Bradford Titchner, and Wilhem Wundt.

Those thinkers that had a great impact on the future of psychology were Charles Darwin, Francis Galton, Herbert Spencer, William James, John Dewey, Rene' Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, and John Stuart Mill.

SIGMUND FREUD: PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

Sigmund Freud's biggest contribution to psychology was Psychoanalytic Theory. He laid the groundwork for all psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychotherapists after him. He is the foundation upon which all other psychologists came into being by first studying his principles and then expanding upon them. His groundbreaking theories include The Structural Theory of Personality, Defense Mechanisms, and the Theory of Psychosexual Development.

Those psychologists who were also into psychoanalytic perspectives were Jung, Adler, Horney, Fromm, and Erickson.

CARL GUSTAV JUNG: ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Jung's contribution to psychology was Analytical Psychology. He developed a Structure for Personality, which consisted of the psyche, consciousness, the ego, the personal unconscious that included complexes, the collective unconscious, which included archetypes (archetypes included the persona, the anima and animus, the shadow, and the self). Jung also came up with a psychology of types, and symbolization in dreams.

ALFRED ADLER: INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

Adler's contribution was Individual Psychology. In individual psychology Adler tried "to understand the experiences and behavior of a person as an organized entity." He came up with the concepts of teleoloy, superiority, fictional finalism, and the style of life and the creative self. He also came up with a construct of types - the ruling type, the getting type, the avoiding type, and the socially useful type.

KAREN HORNEY: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PSYCHOANALYSIS

Horney's concepts were involved in Social and Cultural

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