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Constipation, or difficulty defecating because of hard stools, is caused by a lack of fiber, or by ignoring the urge to defecate when it occurs. Constipation can also be a problem when taking narcotic pain killers, such as after surgery, as these slow down the digestive tract. It is also a common complaint during pregnancy, after childbirth, and can be a complication of some diseases. It can produce abdominal discomfort, cramping, bloating, and flatulence.

Long term, the best way to avoid constipation is by drinking plenty of fluids, particularly water, and by eating a fiber rich diet. This means eating plenty of fruits and vegetables. Dried fruits such as prunes and dried apricots are excellent sources of fiber. In mild cases, these can treat existing cases of constipation. If these are inadequate, fiber supplements are available, both in powder and pill form. These are safe for daily use.

Over the counter remedies can be used to correct a short term problem. Theses include stool softeners, laxatives, and lubricants. Stool softeners work by adding moisture to the stool. Laxatives work by either adding water-absorbing bulk to the stool, or in the case of stimulant laxatives, by causing the intestine to contract and expel the stool. Lubricants, such as mineral oil, grease the stool, letting it pass through the intestines more easily. Long term use of these methods can cause dependency, and their use should be reduced gradually, rather than stopped suddenly.

Enemas are also available over the counter, and are a mechanical means of flushing the stool from the intestine. Water is squeezed into the intestines via the rectum, causing the intestines to expand. This stimulates the colon to contract. Enemas are the preferred method of relief when the stool has become impacted.

Alternative methods of constipation relief are also available. Herbal remedies include laxative teas, which contain natural senna, an ingredient in many over the counter stimulant laxative drugs. Homeopathy also offers a variety of possible cures for constipation.

If all else fails, surgery may become an option. When there is a history of laxative abuse or colon disease, colon removal may be the answer. However, this can lead to complications such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Alternatively, electrodes may be implanted in the colon, which can be used to stimulate the bowels.

There are many cures available for constipation, but long term lifestyle changes, such as a fiber-rich diet and drinking enough water, will prevent most problems. Constipation is a common complaint, but most people are able to find the help they need without medical attention.

Learn more about this author, Tamara Kelly.
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