This prize is awarded every year by the King of Norway to eminent mathematicians and has been created recently, in 2001, when Norway government announced that, to celebrate the 200th birth anniversary of the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (born in 1802), a new prize for mathematics researchers would have been created and named Abel Prize.
It's just the Norwegian Academy of Science and letters that, every year, declares the winner of an about 1 million USD prize, similar to the Nobel Prize, given by the same Norwegian Academy together with the Swedish one, but that doesn't include mathematics.
This prize tries to give publicity and prestige to mathematics, expecially among young people.
I give a list of all winners of this prize:

2003: JEAN PIERRE SERRE (Collège de France)
" For playing a key role in showing the modern form of many parts of mathematics, including topology, algebric geometry and number theory"

2004: MICHAEL F. ATIYAY (University of Edimburgh) and ISADORE M. SINGER (MIT)
"For their discoveries and proof of the INDEX THEOREM bringing together topology, geometry and analysis and their outstanding role in building new bridges betyween methematics and theoretical physics"

2005: PETER D. LAX (Courant Institute of Mathematics Sciences, NY University)
" For his ground breaking contribution to the theory and application of partial differential equations and to the computation of their solutions"

2006: LENNART CARLESON (Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden)
"For his profound and seminal contribution to harmonic analysis and the theory of smooth dynamical systems"

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