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Artificial satellite is such an object constructed by humans and placed in such a place and manner to orbit around the earth. A rocket is used to lift the satellite from the earth's surface, and once placed in orbit, it maintains its motion without any further rocket propulsion or assistance. Sputnik I, being the first artificial satellite, was launched on Oct. 4, 1957, by the USSR; it was coupled with a test payload of a radio beacon and a thermometer, that importantly demonstrated the feasibility of orbiting a satellite.

The United States entered into this arena on Jan. 31, 1958, with the launch of a satellite, named as Explorer I. It was this satellite, which returned data that proved instrumental in the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts (any of the two zones of high-intensity particulate radiation trapped in Earth's magnetic field and surrounding the planet, begin at an altitude of about 800 kilometers (500 miles) and extend tens of thousands of kilometers into space).
In the initial days of space exploration, the entire range of the satellites was launched from two countries, either the United States or the USSR. Currently there are more than three-dozen launch stations are in operation or sooner to be in used in more than a dozen countries

If a satellite is placed at such an elevation from earth, so it can escape the frictional effects of the earth's atmosphere while orbiting, exactly the same laws of celestial mechanics that govern the motions of natural satellites, come to interact upon the motion of the artificial satellite. At altitudes less than 200 miles (320 km) the drag that is produced by the atmosphere, would reason it to slowdown the satellite. Reduction in speed would reason to move down the satellite into the denser portion of the atmosphere where it would be burnt up like a meteor due to effect of friction.
Multistage rockets are used, to accomplish orbital altitude and velocity, at each stage they peter out or jettisoned automatically, with the exhaustion of the fuel, the reduction of considerable mass of the rocket at each interval, while maintaining its thrust causes to increase its speed, consequently allows it to realize the necessary velocity of 5 mile per sec (8 km per sec). The rocket's forward momentum, at this speed, precisely balances its downward gravitational acceleration, which results in its orbiting. Once having reached above the lower atmosphere, the rocket bends to almost a horizontal trajectory, until it reaches

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