The first "bank" was invented by the Temple Knights in the beginning of the 14.th century.
The buildings they used were the churches.
In former times the businessmen often had all their valuables with them. They sometimes had a long distance to ride.
In order to avoid an invasion, the Temple Knights gave them the opportunity to deposite their gold/coins in their churches all over europe.
The T.K. gave the businessmen a sheet of papyrus on which the worth of the money/coins that they deposited was written.
After the businessmen reached their ends of journey, they went to the next churche, showed their papyrus and got their gold/coins back.

Of course you can not compare this business to the nowadays banks. For example, credits were not given by the T.K.
But for the businssmen travelling became much more easier and safer.

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