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Positive eugenics is the manipulation of the gene pool in order to produce positive gene traits. This can be done by encouraging the reproduction of those with attractive gene traits, such as those who are more athletic or have higher IQs. The other side of the coin is negative eugenics; discouraging the reproduction of those with undesirable traits, such as those with a history of heart disease or cancer.

The most famous case in history of eugenics was in Nazi Germany. During this time, scientists took eugenics to the extreme, obviously, by exterminating those with undesirable qualities. There have also been instances in United States history of eugenics, with the forced sterilization of those who may be considered "undesirable." In these instances, it was negative rather than positive eugenics that was used. Since that time, eugenics has become a negative buzz word in science.

Positive eugenics, while not as obviously repulsive as negative eugenics, is still an ethical maelstrom. As a society, there are certain qualities we may deem less desirable, a tendency toward disease being one, but who gets to decide which qualities are the least desirable? And how far do we go in enforcing positive eugenics? The line between choosing a stronger society and taking away people's civil rights in a very fine one.

We also have to decide the damage that can be done if certain people do not reproduce. Someone like Stephen Hawking, whose brilliance has changed the world, would be less desirable to reproduce because of his health condition. Do we sacrifice the extremely positive things that we can get from a Stephen Hawking in order to avoid less positive traits?

The notion of eugenics has been around for centuries. Historically though, the dangers have been vividly displayed, while the benefits have been little seen. Society cannot afford to cross that ethical line.

Learn more about this author, Lesley Fuller.
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