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First off, if this is a question you are considering, then obviously you are going for the performance aspect versus fuel economy, Eco-emissions, etc. One should really base this decision on the kind of driving this vehicle will be used for: i.e daily driver, drag strip, autocross. If You're looking for absolute brute power, then no questions asked, a turbocharger is the only means of reaching your goal. A turbocharger has 100% efficiency, meaning the turbocharger causes no powertrain loss. The other aspect is that a turbocharger is really only limited by the size of the unit and how much fueling is being provided to the engine. A supercharger can only operate at a max 10psi with race pulleys, whereas a turbocharger (properly sized of course) can produce upwards of 30 psi with proper air/fuel and ignition tuning. Drag cars would benefit better from a turbocharger then from a supercharger, since brute power and torque are what win drag races.
Now, if you are looking for instant throttle response, then a supercharger is your weapon of choice. The speed of a supercharger is relative to the speed of an engine, so boost is hit instantly and rises at a steady rate. This makes a supercharger a good choice for autocrossing, time attacks, or even a daily driver (although a small turbocharger somewhat mimics the effects of a supercharger). Despite having a parasitic loss on the engine, the unbelievable throttle response and a more consistent power increase make the supercharger a potential candidate.
So in the end, if power (And cool sounds) are your goal, then a turbocharger will suit your needs. If you're looking for instant response and consistant power increases, then a supercharger is a better choice for you.

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