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Toenail fungus, known by medical professionals as onychomycosis, is a fairly common affliction. Though it is rare in children, the risk of getting toenail fungus increases with age, and about half of all people will have it by age 70. Toenail fungus causes the infected nail or nails to become discolored, turning yellow or brown, or sometimes white. Left untreated, toenail fungus can cause the toenail to fall off or become so thick that it hurts. Because toenail fungus can be difficult to treat, it is best to avoid getting it in the first place.

Fungi thrive in a dark, moist environment, such as that found inside our shoes. It is best to wear comfortable shoes with "breathing room" for the toes. One should also wear clean socks or hosiery each day. The feet should be washed everyday, and thoroughly dried after washing. Foot powder can also be applied to help keep them dry.

Toenail fungus can be spread from person to person, especially in wet environments such as shower and locker rooms. That is why toenail fungus is prevalent among athletes and military personnel who may share these facilities. When using a community shower, such as at a public pool or health club, wear sandals or flip flops to reduce exposure.

If you get pedicures at a salon, you may want to supply your own tools to prevent cross-contamination. Keep in mind that layers of nail polish don't allow the nail to breathe, which may lead to growth of toenail fungus. You may want to occasionally give your toenails a break from polish. Toenails should be kept trimmed.

People with compromised immune systems, such as those suffering from HIV or diabetes, are even more susceptible to toenail fungus, and therefore must be especially vigilant to prevent infection. The same is true for people who suffer poor circulation in their feet.

Toenail fungus rarely goes away if not treated medically. Many people do not seek treatment, especially if they are not experiencing pain, because they think of the problem as being merely cosmetic. Treatment will usually involve the podiatrist clipping and filing down the infected nail. For a mild infection, the doctor may prescribe a medicated nail polish. For more serious or widespread infections, an oral antifungal medication may be prescribed. These drugs can cause serious side effects and drug interactions. In severe cases, the nail may need to be removed surgically. Even after successful treatment, the fungus may return.

Toenail fungus is unsightly and can be painful. Because it is difficult to treat successfully, prevention is highly recommended. By practicing good foot hygiene, wearing proper shoes and hosiery, and taking precautions in environments where toenail fungus might spread, you can greatly reduce your chance of becoming infected.

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