Voltages of 50 volts or less are considered low voltage wiring that consist of limited power circuits which meet class II or class III wiring according to the national electrical code.

Another would be wiring found in some electronic products whereas the input may be 120 volts, but the circuits inside reduce the voltage to a much lesser amount as well as converting some to DC current. They use transformers, power resistors and transistors that alter the voltage to a safe level, but also add to the complexity for repairs.

What this low voltage wiring does is limit the amount of risk for fire or provide a severe electrical shock.
You can find low voltage for using with outdoor lighting, or for doorbells and other uses that may pose a danger if the voltage is not reduced enough so as not to cause a condition whereas a fire or electrical shock can result in serious injury.

Other low voltages are used in automobiles such as the common 12 volt DC current that powers everything in the car.

In the home, low voltage wiring is widely used for the prevention of shock Imagine a thermostat having a high voltage and somehow it develops a short, and you get zapped. So the use of low voltage wire is clearly used in place of high voltage because it can do the job of providing power in a way that is safe to use and pose little risk to the homeowner.

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