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shortly after Al Gore's invention of the Internet that cyberspace should be free of government control, but all the while sharing a conference center with "suit-and-tie" media execs. Both Barlow and the media execs believed that governments were illegitimate but Barlow helped remind people that there was something special, even organic about open and free markets, a reminder that allowed for tighter corporate control by the companies that stood to accumulate the most. In 1996, the Republican Congress and democratic president Bill Clinton proved that deregulation was not a limited special interest of one political party over another, but a matter of strengthening America and securing its citizens financial future. In February of that year Congress passed the Telecommunications Act, which triumphantly rolled back big government regulation and made more room for the continued "free market" growth of the 1990's. The idea that government was providing for the needs of the people without giving them rights or responsibilities was forcefully argued by the American commentator Walter Lippman is his classic 1992 study, Public Opinion. Lippman declared that the proportion of the electorate which is absolutely illiterate' is much larger than one would suspect and that these people who are mentally children or barbarians' are natural targets of manipulators (Furedi, 46).

Furedi concludes in Therapy Culture that "Acknowledging emotions constitutes the prelude to managing them. This process of cultural/cooling' invites individuals to moderate their feelings in line with today's emotional script." Emotional branding can enable employees from diverse walks of life and different geographic locales to experience deeply satisfying feelings of community and solidarity within their companies. In advertising, emotional-branding creates "intangible aspects of brand knowledge not related to the actual physical product or service specifications." Emotional branding creates "the ultimate relationship and level of attachment that a consumer has with a brand" (AMA, 52). The tenets of emotional branding are perfectly aligned with the postmodern view that brand meanings and businesses are not controlled by managers but rather are co-created through ongoing interactions among users and employees.

References

Yee, Tracy. "The 1929 Stock Market Crash." http://www.arts.unimelb.edu.au /amu/ucr/student/1997/Yee/inde x.htm

The Carnegie Library of Pittsburg. "The Photographers: Roy E. Stryker" http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/p hotog14.html

The Institute for Public Relations. "PR Timeline" http://www.instituteforpr.com/ pdf/HistoryofPublic%20Relation -Institute.pdf#search='history %20of%20public%20relations'

Fra nk, Thomas. One Market Under God. New York: Anchor Books, 2000.

Thompson, J. Craig., Rindfleisch, Aric., Arsel, Zeynep. Emotional Branding and the Strategic Value of the Doppelganger Brand ImageJournal of Marketing Vol. 70 (January 2006), 50-64

Godin, Seth. All Marketers Are Liars: The Power if Telling Stories in a Low-Trust World. 80 Strand, London: The Penquin Group, 2005.

Furedi, Frank. Therapy Culture. 11 New Fetter Lane, London: Routledge, 2004.

Photo 1. The evening service, First Baptist Church, Tomball, Texas, 1945. Photograph by Esther Bubley. http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/p hotog14.html

Photo 2. Passengers in the Greyhound bus terminal, New York City, 1947. Photograph by Esther Bubley. http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/p hotog14.html

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