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It's a fantastic mechanism by which the body maintains the blood glucose level to normal range that is 70-120mg/100ml of blood. Once the food get digested and is absorbed by the body its converted into the lowest level, that's carbohydrates into glucose, they are released into the blood as blood sugar. Now the insulin comes into picture here, it helps maintain the blood sugar level within the normal range. It is produced by beta cells of the islets cells of pancreas and brings down the high blood glucose level into normal range and converts the glucose into the glycogen (long chain glucose molecules) to be stored in liver and muscles. Insulin has an effect on a number of other cells, including muscle, red blood cells, and fat cells.

The reverse effect can be seen what the hormone Glucagons does. It is released when the blood glucose level is dropped below the minimum of 70mg/100ml of the blood. Its produced by the alpha cells of islets of pancreas. The main effect of Glucagons is on the liver and on many other cells especially on the muscle cells is to cause glucose to be released from the glycogen and finally released into the blood stream. Hence maintaining the blood sugar within the normal range.

It is the production of insulin and glucagons by the pancreas, which ultimately determines if a patient, has diabetes, hypoglycaemia, or some other sugar problem

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