Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are both dangerous conditions. Heat exhaustion occurs first, and is less serious. However, if it is not treated then it can progress to heat stroke, which can be life-threatening.

WHAT IS HEAT EXHAUSTION?

Heat exhaustion occurs when an individual becomes too hot from taking part in strenuous activity. It usually occurs in hot weather, although it does not have to be hot outside to become overheated from exertion. The body is unable to cool down, and this results in several unpleasant symptoms. It is often coupled with dehydration. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are infants, the elderly, people with high blood pressure, people with medical conditions, and people who work or exercise in hot temperatures.

SYMPTOMS OF HEAT EXHAUSTION

The symptoms of heat exhaustion include weakness, dizziness, tiredness, warm, moist, pale skin, nausea and vomiting, headache and fainting. The victim's pulse rate will be fast and weak, and breathing will be fast and shallow.

TREATING HEAT EXHAUSTION

Quick treatment of heat exhaustion is essential for preventing heat stroke. The victim should be cooled down as quickly as possible. Move them to a cooler spot, for example, in a building with air-conditioning or into the shade. Remove the victim's clothing. Encourage the victim to drink plenty of fluids to rehydrate. Get them to take a cool bath or shower, or cover them with wet towels. Instruct them to rest until they are completely better.

If the victim loses consciousness or begins vomiting, seek medical help straight away.

WHAT IS HEAT STROKE?

Heat stroke is more serious than heat exhaustion. It can progress from heat exhaustion, but it can also come on suddenly. Heat stroke occurs when an individual's core body temperature becomes abnormally high (hyperthermia - not to be confused with hypothermia). The body is unable to cool down, and this causes severe symptoms.

SYMPTOMS OF HEAT STROKE

The symptoms of heat stroke include coma or confusion, hot, flushed, dry skin, deep, absence of sweating, hallucinations, rapid breathing and, in some cases, seizures.

TREATING HEAT STROKE

Action must be taken immediately. Call an ambulance. In the meantime, move the victim into the shade and strip them completely. Do NOT give any fluids to a victim of heat stroke. Wrap them in a wet sheet. Place ice on the victim's armpits, groin and neck. Try to keep the victim conscious. It is important to cool the victim down as fast as possible.

PREVENTING HEAT EXHAUSTION AND HEAT STROKE

Try to stay in the shade during the hottest hours of the day. If you are physically exerting yourself in hot conditions, take regular breaks and drink plenty of fluids. Wear light, loose clothing. If you begin to feel unwell, find a cool spot and rest. If possible, take a cool shower. Avoid alcoholic drinks, tea and coffee, as these can cause dehydration.

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