by Ruth Moran

Created on: March 30, 2007   Last Updated: April 16, 2007

There are three main types of bleeding, and each differ in severity. Below are the features of each type, and how to treat them:

1. Capillary bleeding - this occurs with a minor cut or scrape. Bleeding is light, and usually stops itself as the blood clots. Applying gentle pressure can help to stop the bleeding, but it will usually stop itself fairly quickly. Wash the wound with water, and use an alcohol wipe if you can.

2. Venous bleeding - this is heavier than capillary bleeding, and occurs in deep cuts that have reached a vein. It results in a steady but slow flow of dark red blood. This type of bleeding can be treated by applying firm, direct pressure to the wound. Once the bleeding has stopped, wash the wound and cover it with a sterile dressing. If the blood does not stop after a few minutes, seek medical assistance.

3. Arterial bleeding - this is the most serious type of bleeding, and occurs with very deep wounds. Bright red blood spurts out of the wound, and can be fatal if not treated quickly. This type of bleeding requires more complex treatment. The victim should lie down, with their head lower than their trunk and their feet elevated. This reduces the risk of fainting. Elevation of the bleeding body part is also helpful, as it can slow down the rate at which the blood escapes from the wound. Large chunks of debris should be removed from the wound. However, any impaled objects should not be touched. Apply extremely firm pressure to the wound, preferably using a sterile bandage or cloth (but an item of clothing or your hand will do if there is nothing else to use). If the blood begins to seep through this, apply something else over the top of it (do not remove it). Apply firm pressure until medical help arrives.

Other types of bleeding:

Nose bleeds - sit or stand upright, and pinch your nose with your thumb and forefinger. Do so for 5-10 minutes. If the bleeding continues, seek medical help.

Internal bleeding - after a severe trauma to an area of the body, internal bleeding can occur. This can remain asymptomatic for hours, and so medical attention should always be sought, even if the person does not have any visible symptoms.

All injuries in which the skin was pierced should be treated to prevent infection. For minor cuts, this can be done with the use of antiseptic lotions. If the wound was more serious, seek medical advice on how it should be treated.

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