by Nicole Kidder

Created on: April 11, 2011

The Beauty of French Polynesian Tattoos

Comprised of 118 islands, the five archipelagos of French Polynesia abound with a rich cultural history. Most early art produced in this region served a religious function, yet elaborate decorations were also added to practical items, such as clothing and tools, to enhance the beauty. During the early 19th century, Christian missionaries leveled temples, destroyed carvings and outlawed many aspects of the culture, including the arts of tattooing, music and dance – customs the religious men considered too erotic.

Yet, Ta Tatau (The Tattoo) remains an important form of expression in French Polynesia. According to mythology, the two sons of the God of Creation, Mata Mata Arahu and Tu Ra´i Po´, taught the art of ta tatau to the humans. Believed to have been practiced long before Polynesians settled in the islands, this ancient art was not only used in religious rituals, but also as a way to record history, indicate social status, protect against evil spirits and express one’s personality. Today, tattoos serve as a permanent expression of cultural pride.

The aesthetic value placed on the sacred art form is enormous. “Sleeve” artwork, which covers an entire arm or leg, is greatly admired as a mark of beauty, as is to’oata (full body tattoos). Designs, which are typically grouped into themes, fall into two groups. Enata tattoos are natural symbols that represent one’s life history, clan affiliation, island allegiance, sex, social status, wealth, work and hobbies. Etua tattoos are mystic symbols honoring the ancestors and are offered as gifts to the gods in return for protection from evil spirits. Although the person being tattooed can choose the decorations placed upon their body, the final compositions and locations are often determined by one´s genealogy, position within society and personal achievements.

Children often receive their first tattoo at the age of 12 to mark their passage into adulthood. While girls are less heavily decorated, the design and placement of their tattoos are just as important. In ancient times, before a young girl could be free from food taboos, she would have to be marked on the inside of her arms. She would also receive heavy black patches on her buttocks and thighs once she reached puberty, signaling a time of sexual maturity. When a woman desired a man, she would publicly lift her dark cloth skirt to show off her tattoo. European visitors

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