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a long number, so the concept of Domain Names came up, which allows one to assign a name to an IP address, like "www.sound-o-mat.com" which points to my IP address of my server, and allows you to connect to it using a name instead of a number. You can consider Domain Names basically like a phone book. A URL is main just a Domain Name, some times with extra info.

That's about it. It's a phone number for a computer device which you can give a more memorable Domain Name to and nothing more complicated than that. Really. Don't let anyone try to tell you otherwise.

2. Computer Professional, Geeks, & Nerds

The Internet Protocol ("IP") is a network address protocol that sprang from the roots of the development of the Ethernet hardware specifications as a way to address devices hooked to an Ethernet network. One of the inventors of Ethernet at Xerox PARC, Robert Metcalfe left in 1979 to form the company called "3Com", dedicated to develop Ethernet-based hardware for local area networks (LANs), in union with Xerox, Intel and DEC. Part of the Ethernet protocol published in Sept. 1980 required 48-bit destination and source addresses and this was later changed to the current 32-bit WWW.XXX.YYY.ZZZ format, known as an "IP Address". Each group of
numbers, like "XXX" is called an "octet" and can have any value between 0-255, as it's an eight-bit number, e.g. eight 0's or 1's, hence the name. As said in the earlier description, there are some limitations on what certain octets in certain fields of the IP address can be.

The Internet Protocol itself is defined by the RFC-791 document, and all of the protocols that are used by IP are defined by RFC-792. Over the Internet, using IP address, there are two major types of connections that can be made:

1. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - this is basically a "connectionless" way of communicating over the Internet. Packets are sent to an address but there's no part of the protocol that tells whether or not the packet was received and was error-free. The best analogy is sending a series of postcards to someone that tell a story on the same day. They might arrive at different times, so there's information to tell what order the postcards (packets) should be in, and once they're assembled, they can be checked for errors so they're not used if they're bad, but otherwise the recipient does not communicate anything back to the sender, hence the term "connectionless".

2. TCP (Tranmission Control Protocol) - this is a connection type of communication

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