by Rhonda Greeson

Created on: February 24, 2011

Feline Chronic Renal Failure

A severe health problem found in many cats, especially elderly cats, is feline chronic renal failure, also known as CRF. This disease is different from acute renal failure in that chronic renal failure is a progressive disease where acute renal failure happens almost immediately. Chronic renal failure occurs when the nephrons in the kidneys begin to die causing the kidneys to no longer effectively filter the cat’s waste. This waste can accumulate in the cat’s body and cause poisoning. As the kidneys worsen, electrolyte imbalances and blood pressure problems may also occur. The good news is that only 30% kidney capacity is needed for normal functioning. Cats diagnosed with chronic renal failure can live from months to years after being diagnosed. It is going to depend on how early this disease is detected and how the disease is managed through diet, fluids and medications.

Why are the kidneys important? Kidneys are important because they filter the toxic waste from the body. Kidneys also regulate electrolytes, such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and sodium. Another important function of the kidneys is to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Kidneys also control blood pressure through the production of an enzyme called renin.

Factors that may contribute to chronic renal failure are age, genetics, environment and disease. As cats get older, their bodies begin to wear out. Cats over the age of 15 are highly susceptible to kidney failure. Some types of breeds are also more susceptible: The Maine Coon, Siamese, and Burmese are just a few. Lots of homeless cats and cats that have been neglected may develop this disease due to bad nutrition and lack of veterinary care. Other diseases may also contribute to chronic renal failure in cats, including high blood pressure and dental problems. Other kidney-related problems may also lead to chronic renal failure.

Unfortunately, cats are really good at hiding illnesses until those illnesses have really progressed. It is very important to monitor your cat, especially an older cat. Following are some of the symptoms of chronic renal failure:

1. Increased thirst and standing over the water bowl for long periods of time

2. Because of drinking water there will be an increase in urination

3. Nausea and vomiting due to increased stomach acids

4. Loss of appetite

5. Muscle wasting and emaciation

6. Constipation

7. Poor hair coat

8. Licking lips and drooling

9. Depression

Having some of these symptoms may not mean your cat has this disease, but it is better to be safe than sorry. If you think your cat could have feline CRF, go to your veterinarian and have your cat tested immediately. Even though chronic renal failure is terminal it can be managed.

The management of chronic renal failure is done through a combination of diet, medication and hydration therapy. If your cat is diagnosed with this disease, your veterinarian will probably recommend a food that is low in phosphorous and protein. Water or other fluids may be added to prevent dehydration. Medications may also be suggested to reduce toxins in the body. Remember if your cat is diagnosed, proper management of this disease can add years to your cat's life.

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