by John F Mann

Created on: January 02, 2011

Among the most common and misused metaphors is the notion that an attempt to compare two elements, beings, events or ideas having different characteristics (as judged by the writer or speaker, and no matter the degree of difference) is akin to “comparing apples and oranges”.

The mantra-like invocation, most often offered with implied disdain or even ridicule, of the “apples and oranges” harangue is obviously considered, by those who repeat it without any obvious thought, as unassailable proof that a contrary opinion cannot possibly have any merit. 

Source of Misuse and Current Meaning of Compare

Basic reason for misuse of “apples and oranges” stems from use of the word comparable as a direct substitution for the words similar and equal. However, if this translation of "comparable" is to make sense, then the words compare, comparing and comparison would have to mean (respectively) equate, equating and equation.

For the vast majority of educated Americans today, the word "compare", when used as a verb in everyday discussion, does not mean "equate" or "make equal". Instead, the meaning (although somewhat difficult to pin down) invokes the processes of weighing, grading and evaluating.

The typical use of "comparing" in the "comparing apples and oranges" metaphor, is not consistent with this process of evaluation.

"Compare" implies the intent to find similarities, without knowing beforehand the extent to which similarities exist.

The key problem is that those who compile word definitions (that is, those responsible for dictionaries) are apparently reflecting a conflict that may stem from differences in word usage over time. Whatever the reason, multiple and inconsistent definitions of "compare" are found within the same dictionary. Differences are also found between dictionaries.   

Dictionary Definition of "Compare"

Of three major dictionaries reviewed for this evaluation, the American Heritage Dictionary provides the most detail for definition of "compare", as follows;

Verb (used with object); (1) "to examine (two or more objects, ideas, people, etc) in order to note similarities and differences", (2) "to consider or describe as similar; liken", (3) "Grammar; to form or display the degrees of comparison of (and adjective or adverb)".

Verb (used without object); (4) "to be worthy of comparison", (5) "to appear in a similar standing", (6) "to differ in quality or accomplishment as specified", (7) "to vie; rival",

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