by R K vanderHoek

Created on: December 16, 2010   Last Updated: February 15, 2011

"Nothing is too wonderful to be true if it be consistent with the laws of nature"

-Michael Faraday (1791 -1867) 

The Basics Concepts; 

A simple oscillator is something that changes or flips back and forth, and or, on and off repetitively, from one state of being to a different one and then back to the original state.  A complex oscillator is any oscillator that changes from one to any number of other states before returning to its original configuration.

A substance, at least in physical terms, can be an element, a compound or anything tangible, composed of matter (energy-mass).  It can also be the fabric of space-time itself.  All the material things in our existence, us included, are composed of matter in the form of atoms. 

   An atom is the most, minute indivisible particle of which, according to ancient Greek philosophical materialism, the universe is composed.  The original meaning of the word was indivisible.  We have learned so very much more in science about the nature of the realm in which we exist, since those ancient days when the term was originally coined.  The atom is so very small it would take about a million carbon atoms in line to span the diameter of a human hair.  

Nuclear Physics;  

Today we know that atoms are themselves composed of more primary units.  The present day Rutherford-Bohr atomic model consists of a primary core, called the nucleus, which is composed of positively charged protons and neutral (uncharged, electrically neutral) neutrons.  The centrally located nucleus, which occupies only about 1/10,000th the volume of the atom, is orbited by negatively charged electrons. It is similar, in a sense, to the way our earth and the other planets in our solar system orbit the sun.  The major difference is that electrons all have the same tiny mass and orbit randomly within various specific (quantum) energy levels and not within a plane as the planets do.  There is usually one negatively charged electron in orbit for every positively charged proton in the nucleus of an atom.  The positively charged proton, within the nucleus, is about 1860 times more massive than the negatively charged electron that orbits it.  Both these mass mismatched particles are of equal, but opposite charge magnitude.  The uncharged neutron component of the nucleus is slightly more massive than the positively charged proton. 

It has been assumed that

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