by Christopher Chatterton

Created on: November 10, 2010   Last Updated: November 15, 2010

Getting stuck in an avalanche is one of those terrifying scenarios we hope we never have to experience. Avalanches can happen to experienced skiers, climbers and novice hikers alike, so if you find yourself trapped by one, it’s an unfortunate case of "being in the wrong place at the wrong time".

Avalanches are one of nature’s most powerful forces, and occur in all mountainous regions of the world, where high altitude creates the conditions for overlying snow. They usually occur on slopes of between 30 and 40 degrees elevation, and within 24 hours of snowfall (Wiseman, 1999).

Despite these natural pitfalls, there are ways to reduce the risk of being caught by an avalanche, and some key things you can do if you find yourself stuck in the resultant snowdrift. 

Preparation and precautions for trekking in avalanche risk areas

Areas to avoid

Trekking or skiing in mountainous environments requires careful planning of your route, both prior to and during the expedition. Clearly, the best way to avoid being stuck in an avalanche is to avoid danger areas, and know what signs to look for.

The main areas of danger are 1) Snow-covered convex slopes, 2) Lee or dry sides of slopes where snow has accumulated and 3) Deep snow-filled gullies (Wiseman, 1999).

The best areas to stick to are irregular or timbered slopes, which are likely to be more stable and less likely to create an avalanche. Also, the heat of the sun can cause avalanches, so before noon it is a good idea to travel in shaded areas, and keep out of those in the sun (Wiseman, 1999).  

Equipment and survival techniques

When embarking on any trip to a potential avalanche risk area it is a good idea to inform the relevant authorities of where you are going, and when you are likely to be back. If you do not return they will have an approximate area to begin their search.

As well as the obvious staples such as, food, water, torch and spare batteries, Global Positioning Satellite (GPS), maps of the area and medical supplies, there is some other vital equipment you will need.

1) Bright coloured jacket and/or rucksack

Wearing a bright coloured or fluorescent jacket and/or rucksack is a good idea, as bright colours can be seen for miles against the white backdrop of the snow. Tearing a piece of your coat or rucksack and tying it to a long straight tree branch or ski pole, can create a good marker for your position. Alternatively, constructing a letter 'I' shape from tree branches (and any available

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