by Carl Marshall

Created on: May 17, 2010   Last Updated: June 15, 2010

The incidence of skin cancer has increased significantly over the last thirty years.  This has coincided with the increased popularity of cheap holidays in hot climates, and the widespread use of sunbeds. 

There are two main classes of skin cancer, non melanoma and malignant melanoma.  Within the category of non melanoma there are two major types, basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

This is the most common of the skin cancers.  A basal cell carcinoma (BCC) forms from basal cells in the lower part of the outer layer of skin, known as the epidermis.  It often shows up in areas of skin that are exposed to the sun such as your head and neck.  It typically grows slowly and rarely spreads to other tissues.  In the early stages, this cancer can be hard to distinguish from a mole, acne scar, sore or lesion.  A definite diagnosis requires a skin biopsy.  Although this cancer is not classed as malignant, if left untreated, there is a chance it can spread.  Basal carcinoma amounts to about 75% of cases of skin cancer.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This accounts for about 15% of cases.  It forms in the upper part of the epidermis.  Squamous cell develops quicker than basal cell.  It is more likely to metastasize (spread to other organs), although patients usually present themselves for treatment before this occurs.  In terms of appearance, it is also hard to distinguish from something harmless such as a sore.  A biopsy is required for a diagnosis.  

Malignant Melanoma

This is the least common but most serious form of skin cancer.  A group of cells known as melanocytes become cancerous.  They are situated between the epidermis, and the deeper layer of skin, known as the dermis.  Similar to non melanoma,  melanoma is often found on the head and neck.  Melanoma can often spread to the lymphatic system.  The first sign of melanoma is often a change in the appearance or feel of a mole.  It can also be present in the form of a new mole.  As with the other skin cancers, a proper diagnosis requires a biopsy.

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

The main cause of all types of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to strong sunlight.   Also the use of sunbeds is responsible for a high number of cases.  It seems that in the case of malignant melanoma, most of the risk in adulthood depends upon the actual extent of sun exposure during childhood.

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