by Jane Hendry

Created on: February 25, 2010

What is a free radical?

The human body is a mind boggling and awe-inspiring work of art and science and it needs to be taken care of, in order to preserve its integrity as long as possible, for a happy and fulfilling life. Unfortunately along with all the parts of our bodies that work constantly to keep us healthy, there are a number of things of which we must be aware, that work against the health of our bodies. One of these is an organic molecule called a free radical.

Where do free radicals come from?

Our bodies are made up of cells which, in turn, are made up of molecules containing atoms of one or more elements joined by chemical bonds. A molecule's atom is surrounded by protons, neutrons and electrons which are paired up evenly to maintain the molecule's stability. Occasionally a weak bond will split leaving an atom with an unpaired electron. This is what is called a free radical. These molecules are dangerous because they are unstable and thus cause damage wherever they are found. Free radicals are responsible for the aging process, tissue damage and even as the cause of some diseases.

Where are they found?

Free radicals can be found throughout the body and, in fact, are commonly purposely made by the immune system to fight viral and bacterial infections. They are also a normal occurrence during metabolism. Free radicals become dangerous when production of them becomes excessive or if there is a deficit of antioxidants in the body. Antioxidants are the body's natural resistance to free radicals. They work by passing on one of their own electrons to the unstable free radical so it no longer needs to destroy other cells. The two most common found antioxidants in the body are vitamin E which is fat soluble, and vitamin C, which is water soluble

What damage do free radicals do?

Free radicals are responsible for the break down of tissue in our bodies. They are one of the reason some people develop wrinkles at an early age, and why our nails and hair become lacklustre and brittle. Free radicals can also degrade the immune system and cause cell mutations. This means they are one of the culprits behind many diseases such as cancer, arthritis and Alzheimer's.

Though the body does use them to its benefit, left to their own devices free radicals can cause untold damage and so it is vitally important to combat their development. This can be done through maintaining a healthy diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables, drinking enough water and exercising regularly. You only have one body, look after it.

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