by Meghan Rizzo

Created on: February 19, 2010   Last Updated: February 20, 2010

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a condition in which the sufferer experiences symptoms of depression with the changing of the seasons, usually from fall to winter.  Less commonly, SAD presents itself in the spring and summer, though symptoms fall more under the category of anxiety than depression in such cases.

Sunlight affects brain chemistry, and SAD is the result of changes in the amount of daylight.  It most commonly affects those who live farthest from the equator, where the days are shortest in the winter, though those who are particularly sensitive to the change of seasons might report symptoms even if they live in lower latitudes. 

Symptoms mirror those of clinical depression and can include, but are not limited to: lethargy, increased or decreased appetite, hypersomnia (sleeping too much), feelings of hopelessness, and dysthymia (a general feeling of sadness).  

Symptoms usually abate at the onset of spring, when the days begin to lengthen, but the 'winter blues' can be quite debilitating even if they last for a short period of time.  Following are some ways to combat Seasonal Affective Disorder:

Exposure to sunlight
Exposure to natural sunlight is the best cure for SAD.  It is important that SAD sufferers make the most of their daylight hours, spending as much time outdoors as possible.  Those who work indoors should be sure to sit by windows, so the sunlight can hit them directly.  The depressive aspect of SAD might tempt the sufferer to sleep late whenever possible, but it is important to get out of bed and soak up those early hours of daylight.

Exposure to artificial sunlight in the form of 'light boxes' can also be effective if used correctly.  Some companies also offer alarm clocks that mimic the sunrise for those who have to wake up before the sun shows its face.  These devices might also be desirable since they do not emit harmful UV rays.

Exercise
Exercise is an excellent way to combat depression of any form.  It releases endorphins and increases serotonin levels, both of which are hormones known to improve the mood.  For SAD sufferers, engaging in daytime outdoor exercise is the best way to combat the condition.

Plan a trip
A trip to a warmer climate during the middle of the winter interrupts symptoms of SAD and makes the condition more manageable.  Simply looking forward to such a trip can help to alleviate feelings of depression. 

For those who do not have the

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