With owning pets comes the responsibility to take care of them whatever the season or weather, but certain times of the year can bring dangers you would not expect at other times. Taking care of pets during the colder months is essential to prevent diseases and illnesses. Many owners change their habits without even realising it, but for new and inexperienced owners there is plenty of advice on how to take care of pets during winter.

Housing and Shelter

Whether pets are kept indoors or outdoors providing shelter and warmth is vital to prevent hypothermia setting in. Make sure that their bedding area is protected from the wind and rain. If kept outside, provide a kennel area with a roof. The bed should be kept off the ground to keep air circulating around. Animals that sleep on the floor, especially cold concrete, even on a bed, are more likely to get arthritis and other joint problems as they age. As well as the bed, add blankets and cushions to provide extra comfort and warmth. Make sure that their bedding area is kept clean and dry, it might be advisable to add a heating unit where possible, although it is also important to make sure that your pets don't over heat.

For smaller animals such as rabbits and guinea-pigs it is a good idea to move their hutch inside, such as into a garage or shed, but make sure there is plenty of air. Do not move them into the garage if it is used by a car as the fumes can cause carbon monoxide poisoning. However, if it is not possible to move them indoors, you can buy 'hutch-huggers' made from durable material that provides some insulation and protection against rain. You can also use an old piece of tarpaulin or blanket, but make sure that there is plenty of air circulation to prevent suffocation, and always make sure the front of the cage is uncovered during the day as any plastic will cause the cage to overheat.

Food and Water

Working animals will need extra carbohydrates and protein added to their meals during the winter, as they will burn off more energy trying to keep warm. But, it is not necessary to change the diet of all animals. Indoor animals can be fed the same amount, outdoor animals may need extra energy feed. Increase the amount of hay given to small animals, not only will this provide extra energy, but will also provide more warmth and an extra bedding supply.

Water will freeze, especially at night. Check the water supply at least twice a day. If the water has iced over, change it for fresh water. Some bacteria and viruses can live in ice and cause illnesses and diseases if drank. You can prevent water from icing by adding a ball to the bowl - the bobbing of the ball will break up freezing water. Animals can also use the ball to push down with their noses or muzzles, making it possible for them to reach the water beneath the ice.

Safety

When exercising pets watch out for icy patches, and avoid water altogether; puddles can have a layer of dangerous ice at the bottom and lakes and rivers can have strong currents. Do not let dogs go swimming as there is a real risk of hypothermia if they do.

Pack a bag with some bare essentials such as a towel, water bottle and some biscuits. Make sure that you dry off your dog thoroughly and offer sips of water regularly. This will help to reduce the risk of hypothermia.

Winter can be fun for both you and your pets but enjoy it safely. Don't take unnecessary risks and remember to keep your pet fully vaccinated, and treated for parasites to make sure they stay healthy all year round.

Learn more about this author, Charlotte Howard.
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