by Angie Pollock

Created on: November 07, 2009

The Java chicken is the second oldest breed behind the Dominique to be developed in America. The lineage of this breed is not fully known but it is believed to have been developed from imported Asian birds. This stunning bird has played a role in the development of several other poultry breeds including the Jersey Giant, Rhode Island Red, and the Plymouth Rock.

This unique breed has a similar build to the Rhode Island Red except the Java has an inclined, broad back and plump chest. They are adorned with a single comb with the first point on the comb setting back on the head near the eyes rather than near the nostril like most other breeds. This unique characteristic of the comb suggests that the breed is related to or was created from a pea-combed breed or breeds.

The Java became recognized by the American Poultry Association (APA) in 1883 and is accepted in both standard and bantam size. Bantams are also acknowledged by the American Bantam Association (ABA) but not included in its "Bantam Standard". Java cocks average nine to ten pounds while hens range from seven to eight pounds. Bantams average 32 to 36 ounces with bantam cocks typically weighing more. Colors include black, white, and mottled.

Black Javas have a black beak and dark eyes while the white and mottled will have a horn colored beak and reddish-bay eye color. All are considered medium-sized birds that have an upright stature. The wattle and earlobes are bright red. In 1910, the white variety was removed from the APA standard because of its close resemblance to the White Plymouth Rock. Following this removal, the White Java almost disappeared from existence. Since the white variety stems from a recessive gene, white chicks began to show up and breeders are trying to revive the strain.

Javas are dual-suited for both backyard keeping or for larger farms. They do endure confinement but are better suited as free-range chickens. The hens are superb brooders and are excellent mothers to their chicks. Their eggs are generally medium sized and brown in color. Their temperament is typically docile and they are good foragers. They also tolerate fairly cold weather but do require extra winter care like most other breeds.

This breed is hardy and easy to care for which makes them attractive for keeping for small or large production. Java chicks average $3 each however; they can be difficult to find and when they are offered, they sale out quickly. The Java breed is a rare breed that is considered "critical" on the conservation status list.

References:

STOREY'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO POULTRY BREEDS, by Carol Ekarius, copyright 2007.

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