The Bull Terrier is generally a healthy breed of dog. However, like with all purebred dogs, there are some health issues that the Bull Terrier is prone to acquiring. Knowing these health problems prior to ownership can give potential owners a better insight in care for the breed and what to look for when picking out their new dog.
Behavioral Issues
Bull Terriers have a high occurrence with behavioral type peculiarities. This can include simple tail chasing which can lead into a more serious problem of body spinning in which the dog spins in circles for long periods of time. This has led owners to having the tail amputated which does not cure the problem. Some dogs with this disorder respond well on therapy drugs such as Prozac. Owners have become injured from trying to stop the compulsive disorder which leads to another issue known in the Bull Terrier - rage. It is believed that these issues are neurological disorders and cannot be tempered with training.
Deafness
Deafness can be caused by developmental defects which can be present at birth. However, the problem may not be discovered until the dog is older and owners realize something is wrong when the dog is unresponsive to sounds. Hereditary deafness is connected with coat color. White and merle coated dogs are more prone to deafness with the highest occurrence being seen in the Dalmatian. Not all white or merle colored dogs will be deaf but they do have a significant higher rate with deafness.
Kidney Disease
Kidney problems are more likely in a Bull Terrier when the problem is also evident in the parent(s). Yearly urine tests are recommended for Bull Terriers to catch any peculiarities in the early stages. Bull Terriers that have been diagnosed with kidney disease should not be bred and individuals looking to acquire a Bull Terrier should ask the breeder about the history on the parent's health.
Luxating Patella
The patella (kneecap) is a bone that protects the front joint on the hind legs. The patella moves within a groove in the femur and when patella does not fit properly within that groove, the patella can slip as the knee bends. A luxating patella is typically a genetic disorder but can occasionally occur from trauma or injury. Treatment can vary depending upon the severity. Some dogs with this disorder may only need medication for pain relief while those dogs with severe cases may require surgery.
Skin Disorders
Any dog breed can suffer with skin diseases however; white dogs like white Bull Terriers have a higher occurrence with skin related problems. Most often the skin disorders are allergy related which can be treated by simply removing the allergy source from the dog's environment. Those dogs with severe skin problems may need medications including antibiotics, steroids, and/or anti-inflammatory drugs.
Zinc Deficiency
Pups born with lethal acrodermatitis are referred to as "zinkies". Although still rare, this deficiency is most commonly seen in Bull Terriers over other dog breeds. Most common sign is growth retardation and many pups die shortly after birth. Those that do not die quickly are usually euthanized because they acquire many health issues that lead to infections. The pups may have difficulty swallowing, lesions appear on the skin, and their temperament may become overly aggressive to the extent of having to be isolated.
Lastly, owners should monitor their Bull Terriers for stomach blockages. Although this is not a genetic disorder, it can become a problem as Bull Terriers are notorious for chewing and swallowing objects which can obstruct the intestines.
Many of these health problems associated with the Bull Terrier can be avoided by new owners by simply purchasing from a reputable breeder. Buying from a puppy mill or pet store may have a cheaper price tag but you may be shelling out more money in the future on veterinary care. Remember the old adage, "you get what you pay for". Once you have your Bull Terrier, regular check-ups are highly recommended and always seek veterinary care at the first signs of health problems.
References:
DOG OWNER'S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK, Fourth Edition, copyright 2007.