Choosing a breed of dog as a faithful companion can involve a great deal of time and research into the needs and issues that surround that particular breed. The Chihuahua is an extremely popular small breed of dog that is known for its intelligence and loyalty for its owner. But beyond this dog's adorable looks and charming personality, potential owners should also consider other facets of owning a Chihuahua. An important aspect of this dog's history is the health issues that owners may experience once they have their precious pooch in hand.
Fractures
Almost all small breeds are at risk for fractures simply for the fact of their compact size. Fractures commonly occur when the dog jumps from high places or when improperly handled. To prevent fractured bones, owners should not allow their Chihuahua to be placed in the predicament where it can fall or jump from an elevated place or be dropped while being held. Veterinary care is needed for fractures and depending upon the damage, treatments can range from a simple splint, brace, or cast. Major fractures or breaks my require surgery.
Patellar Dislocation
Also known as patellar luxation or luxating patella, this disorder is also common in small dog breeds. The patellar (kneecap) can slip in and out of the tendon which can cause lameness in the dog. This disorder is graded on a scale of 1 to 4 with 4 being the most extreme. Puppies born with this condition may appear bow-legged in the rear legs which can worsen as the puppy grows into adulthood. This disease is generally treated surgically.
Dental Disease
Dental problems and gum disease are prevalent in Chihuahuas. The retention of puppy teeth causes adult teeth to grow in incorrectly leading to infections. Early tooth loss and infections are common ailments with this breed. When tarter is not removed and particles begin to build inside the mouth, infection and tooth loss can become a problem.
Prevention is key in keeping a dog's teeth in proper condition. Brushing the teeth, having a vet clean the teeth on a regular basis, and providing objects to chew will all aid with good dental hygiene. Dog "chews" and dry food create saliva that helps flush the mouth and keep particles from building up on the teeth. Owners should be watchful and seek veterinary care anytime they suspect dental or gum disorders in their dog.
Heart Disease
Heart disease in Chihuahuas can either be acquired or is present when they are born. The early signs of heart disease are sometimes not easily identified. A dog may begin with the stages of heart failure which can include coughing, sluggishness, and breathing difficulties. It is important that Chihuahua owners not let their dogs become overweight as this causes excessive stress on the heart. Treatment for heart disease will depend upon the underlying problems that may be causing the disease. Owners should discuss treatment options with their veterinarian.
Some dog breeds including Chihuahuas may incur mitral valve disease which is commonly associated with a heart murmur. This illness can be quite serious as it is caused by irregular functioning of the valve that separates chambers of the left side of the heart. Veterinarians generally treat this disease with medications that are designed to reduce the symptoms caused by the illness.
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is associated with infections of the brain, tumors, and head injuries but its most common cause is a hereditary defect. When cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull, pressure increases on the brain and the tissues inside the brain are forced against the skull. This disease is seen most often in toy breeds such as Chihuahuas and Toy Poodles. Treatment mainly depends upon the early diagnosis and the severity of the condition which can include surgery.
Environmental factors can adversely affect the health of a Chihuahua. Some can go their entire life without significant complications while others may encounter serious health issues. Any dog breed that is not provided proper nutrition and care is at risk to health-related problems and injuries. If your Chihuahua exhibits signs of illness, you should seek veterinary care for your pet.
References:
THE EVERYTHING CHIHUAHUA BOOK, by Joan Hustace Walker, copyright 2006.
BARRON'S, THE CHIHUAHUA HANDBOOK, by D. Caroline Coile, Ph.D., copyright 2000.
CHIHUAHUAS, COMPLETE PET OWNER'S MANUAL, by D. Caroline Coile, Ph.D., copyright 2003.