by Sara Jackson

Created on: June 17, 2009

From the time we're little kids, we're told to take care of our teeth. As adults, we sometimes fail to follow our own advice, or heed warnings from our dentists, which can result in poor hygiene. It is estimated that 80% of adults have some form of periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease progresses in stages from inflammation of the gums to major damage to the soft tissue and bone that supports the teeth. In worst-case scenarios, teeth either have to be pulled or they fall out by themselves.

Periodontal disease is inflammation around the teeth. Periodontal disease starts from gingivitis being left untreated. Red and swollen gums that bleed easily when brushed define gingivitis. When the gums start to pull away from the teeth and form pockets that become infected, you have periodontal disease. Your body's immune system fights off the bacteria, as the plaque and tartar spreads and starts to grow below the gum line. Your teeth will loosen and need to be removed as a result of your body's enzymes and the bacterial toxins that fight the infection start to destroy and break down the bone and connective tissue that holds your teeth in place.

So what causes periodontal disease? Bacteria and mucus that live in our mouths form plaque on our teeth. When we fail to brush our teeth properly or on a regular basis, the plaque hardens and forms and tartar, which contains bacteria, that brushing and flossing doesn't remove. Only your dentist or hygienist will be able to remove the tartar.

If you suspect that you have periodontal disease, contact your dentist right away. Other symptoms of periodontal disease include bad breath that won't go away, red and/or swollen gums, painful chewing and loose or sensitive teeth. Before looking in your mouth, your dentist will take your medical history. They'll want to know of any conditions or any other underlying factors that may have contributed to you having periodontal disease.

Some of these include diabetes, which offers a high risk of developing infections. Hormonal changes in both women and girls can make gums more sensitive, making it easier for gingivitis to develop. Some of the medications you take like heart medicines and antidepressants can affect your overall oral health, because they lessen the amount of saliva produced, which aids in protection of your teeth and gums. People that smoke lower their chances of success with some dental treatments.

Next, your dentist

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