by Bar de Ness

Created on: June 04, 2009   Last Updated: September 25, 2009

the Coral Triangle covers an area over two million square miles and is home to seventy-five percent of all known coral species.

It is embraced by the south-east Asian waters of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste,

The threats which face this fragile eco-system are many, ranging from increased population and commercial development, to global warming and climate change.

The countries in the region have experienced significant population growth, which in turn has led to unsustainable coastal industrial expansion, and greater demand for marine resources to supply the ever-increasing fisheries and seafood markets.

Coral reefs require clean water, free from excess nutrients which create algae that compete against slow growing coral for space. This subsequently reduces oxygen and increases chlorophyll, resulting in poor visibility, thereby preventing the sunlight required for photosynthesis.

Diseases then attack the coral, and lack of oxygen decimates the sea life dependant on it. Fertilizers and pesticides find their way into the sea, mainly from agricultural drainage, and together with sewage, toxic discharges from shipping, oil and plastics, combine to be a significant threat.

If all this wasn't enough there is over-harvesting for the supply of aquariums and gift shops. Reef damage also occurs through destructive fishing techniques such as huge trawling nets, dynamite and cyanide.

Finally there is the problem of tourism. Boats dropping anchors on the reefs, divers irresponsibly standing on coral or allowing their equipment to scar it, and general litter left carelessly by the visitors.

Throw in rising sea temperatures which creates coral bleaching and diminishes colour and general health, and it's safe to say that this ancient, unique and beautiful resource is in serious trouble.

It is akin to the plight of the rainforest, both of which are excellent indicators of the environmental health of the planet.

Coral reefs are one of the earth's most ancient and complex ecosystems. They date back to the Mesozoic period around 225 million years ago.

As cheaper travel becomes the norm, more and more people are seeking exotic destinations. Tropical islands are top of the list. Whilst this is beneficial for local economies, the countries of the region have difficulty coordinating an environmental protection plan, for all their good intentions.

Fortunately there are several organizations, such as WWF and the Coral Cay Foundation which are attempting to address the problems through lobbying, education and conservation tours. However it is a mammoth task which depends significantly on public support to stop the rot and save what's left.

Additional source: The Coral Triangle Center

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