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We can calculate everything from the distance of the earth to stars whose existence can only be verified with mathematical equations, to the status of "fat and fit", a term that may be losing its place in the ranks of oxymorons. The classification of fitness status as the result of certain testing methods utilizing mathematical calculations to obtain results can be misleading. As stated in the examples below, two people of similar weight, height, and size can receive the same score from mathematical calculations labeling each as "fat and fit", however, I demonstrate how this diagnosis accurately applies to one, while the other is in imminent danger of developing life-threatening illnesses.

Determining Fitness

Fitness is a measurable component of health assessment procedures and a primary factor to be considered prior to formulation of a supervised exercise program. The required calculations are made utilizing the physical measurements of weight, height, and the amount of muscle tissue vs adipose (fat) tissue. Two of the methods of testing that may be included in comprehensive annual medical exams or employed by therapists and personal trainers are BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio).

TESTING RESULTS:

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The BMI compares an individual's weight to that of the general population. This test is recognized as the medical standard for calculating obesity status by dividing body weight by height. A score of 18.5 to 25 is considered within the healthy range, a total obtained in excess of 25 up to 29.9 classifies an individual as overweight, and a score of 30 and above indicates obesity.

This method of testing is not foolproof, however, because it does not differentiate between muscle weight and fat weight. For example, it is possible for two people weighing approximately 159 pounds, and each standing 5 feet 7 inches tall, to have BMI calculations performed resulting in identical scores of 25. Although this would indicate both are in good health, one of them is a candidate for major health problems in the future. They may look alike, but the 159-pound individual with the muscular body can accurately be classified as fat and fit, while the other 159-pounder will receive the same score of 25, but this individual is a health disaster waiting to happen because a major portion of the poundage is comprised of excess body fat. Muscle tissue is dense and therefore weighs more than fat. For this reason, BMI results are never relied upon as the single

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