by Rana Williamson

Created on: May 07, 2009

Menopause symptoms are part of a biological process experienced by all women as their child-bearing years end. The transition begins as early as the 30s and can last into the 60s. All women go through the change in different ways. Some have no symptoms or only mild issues. Others battle a range of changes from hot flashes to irrational mood swings. All can negatively affect daily life.

Does menopause cause complications?

After menopause some chronic conditions tend to appear. Declining estrogen levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Women should stop smoking, keep their blood pressure and weight in check with regular exercise, and eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains but low in saturated fats.

Bone density also decreases rapidly and some women develop osteoporosis, a condition characterized by brittle, weak bones especially in the hip, wrist, and spine. Adequate calcium (approximately 1500 mg a day) as well as 400-800 mg of Vitamin D are recommended, as are strength training, walking, or jogging.

How does menopause start?

A number of signs and symptoms point to the onset of menopause, beginning with irregular periods. Irregularity can manifest as increased or decreased frequency or changed volume of flow. As ovulation fluctuates, pregnancy is less likely, but still possible until periods cease for a year.

Burning, itching, and infections result from dryness and loss of elasticity in the vagina and urethra. Urgency and minor incontinence are present, especially when laughing, sneezing, or coughing. Additional, discomfort may be felt during intercourse.

Hot flashes occur when falling estrogen levels expand the blood vessels and elevate skin temperature. Sweating and flushing result. Night sweats are a related issue, severely disrupting sleep.

Most women gain about five pounds around the waist and abdomen. Other changes include breast fullness, thinning hair, wrinkles, adult acne, and coarse hair on the chin and upper lip.

What causes menopause?

As the reproductive years end, the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone, menstruation stops, and pregnancy is no longer possible. Normally this transition progresses in two stages.

- Perimenopause: Women experience menopause symptoms, but still ovulate and have periods. Hot flashes and irregular periods increase, but four to five years may pass before full menopause.

- Post-menopause: When periods are absent for a year, menopause is present. Estrogen and progesterone drop and the ovaries

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