by Carol Henrichs

Created on: May 04, 2009   Last Updated: May 29, 2009

Who would ever think of making spaghetti without basil or pizza without oregano?

Herbs and spices are the go-to ingredients that transform a plain meal into a tasty treat. They are the 'extra' that makes a dish something to remember. And they also have health benefits. Fresh spices can be grown in the garden or in small pots on a sunny window sill. If growing fresh herbs is not an option, many of them can be purchased in the vegetable aisle in the grocery store.

The flavor of fresh herbs can be preserved through drying or freezing. Dried herbs can be kept in a drawer, cabinet or pantry, out of sunlight and away from moisture. When dried herbs are substituted for fresh, they must be used more sparingly since the drying process concentrates the flavor. One tablespoon of a fresh herb is equal to one teaspoon of dried.

There are hundreds of herbs and spices available, but the following are some that should be kept on hand, available to a cook at a moment's notice.

Fresh basil, a favorite for many, is a must in the kitchen. Its perfume is unmistakable and conjures up thoughts of an Italian kitchen. Basil is a perfect compliment to any dish that contains tomatoes. There are many different varieties of basil, including cinnamon and lemon-scented. Basil has a medicinal quality, providing anti-bacterial effects. It is also rich in magnesium and therefore is good for the circulatory system and the heart. A popular use of basil is in pesto, a puree of varying ingredients, consisting of basil, pine nuts, extra virgin olive oil, and parmesan cheese. Pesto can be frozen. Pesto with pasta makes a tasty dish.

Oregano is sometimes called the pizza herb, as it is even more akin to pizza than basil. Oregano is often used in other tomato sauces and soups. It can be used to enhance the flavor of fried vegetables, grilled meats and fish. Greek oregano is the most flavorful and is a common ingredient in Mediterranean cuisines. Oregano is rich in vitamin K, which is beneficial to the heart and for bone health. Oregano reportedly has anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties. It is also a digestive aid and has been known to be an efficient pain reliever. Oregano is related to marjoram, another herb that is similar in appearance, which has a more delicate, sweet flavor. Both are members of the mint family.

A sprig of parsley often garnishes food dishes. Its purpose is to be eaten at the end of a meal to cleanse the breath. Parsley adds color and flavor to dishes.

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