by Vikki McMahon

Created on: April 18, 2009

Feline diabetes occurs when a cat's body cannot use or produce its own insulin. Blood sugars (glucose) are not able to be broken down and utilized properly so protein and fat are used as energy instead. This causes the cat to eat more while still losing too much weight, one of the classic symptoms of feline diabetes. Other symptoms include an increase in water consumption and urination.

A veterinarian will diagnose feline diabetes based on a combination of factors including symptoms, exam, blood work, and a urinalysis. Prompt treatment is necessary to get the diabetes under control. Untreated feline diabetes can cause shorter life spans, ketoacidosis, infection, and liver disease.

The severity of feline diabetes dictates the type of treatment necessary. Subcutaneous insulin injections are the most common treatment used. This treatment is easily done at home and is usually well tolerated by the cat if a routine is developed. Most shots are administered with a quick injection into the skin at the scruff of the neck. A veterinarian can prescribe the proper dosage and frequency of the injections. Otherwise healthy cats can take oral hypoglycemic medication as an alternative. Also, diet can be a factor. Obese cats must lose weight and all cats can benefit from a healthy diet. A veterinarian can help determine what type of diet is best for your cat.

Weekly monitoring tests are usually not necessary to determine if your cat is getting proper treatment. Usually it is sufficient to just observe your cat to see if the symptoms of diabetes begin to lessen. Sometimes you will need to monitor your cat by taking blood or urine samples at home. Both of these options are not as overwhelming as they sound. Cats usually tolerate both fairly well and your veterinarian will be able to instruct you on the proper monitoring method.

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a major complication to watch for. Symptoms include weakness, clumsiness, listlessness, convulsions, or coma. If any of these symptoms are present, feed the cat immediately and call your veterinarian.

The prognosis for a diabetic cat is fairly good. Although there is no cure, following a veterinarian's regimen will gradually increase a cat's chances of going on to live a normal, healthy life. A cat may also lose the need for insulin entirely, especially if any obesity issues are kept under control.

A diagnosis of feline diabetes can be scary and overwhelming to a cat owner. However, the disease is manageable with proper treatment and care. Being vigilant of the symptoms and closely following your veterinarian's recommendations will ensure that your cat will lead a long and happy life.

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