by Norma Chew

Created on: March 28, 2009   Last Updated: April 05, 2009

Erectile dysfunction (ED) also called impotence is defined as the persistent inability to achieve or sustain an erection that satisfies a man's sexual needs and the needs of his partner. An estimated 30 million American men suffer from ED. Erectile dysfunction may be chronic, it may be a one time occurrence or on rare occasions. A one time or on a few rare occasions may be frustrating at the time but is not considered chronic impotence.

Having a clear understanding of chronic ED is beneficial in to dealing with the condition both for the man and for his partner. This article will address the causes, diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Understanding an Erection.

There are four key components necessary in achieving and sustaining an erection.

Healthy blood vessels to transport blood to the penis.

Healthy nerves that controls the erection.

The male hormone testosterone secreted by the testicles.

The desire to be sexually stimulated.

The absence of any of these factors can result in temporary or chronic ED.

An erection begins in the brain due to the following chemicals, epinephrine, nitric oxide and acetylcholine that sparks an arousal.

Messages are then sent to the vascular system causing a rush of blood to the penis. Two arteries in the penis supply the blood to the erectile tissues and the corpora cavernosa.

The rush of blood to these arteries engorges and expands the penis. The penile tissue must remain rigid to prevent the blood from leaving the penis during an erection. After ejaculation occurs the penile pressure decreases the blood is released and the penis returns to its normal shape and size.

Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

The primary causes of erectile dysfunction are related to medications, physical and psychological effects. Medication is the leading cause of ED, while reduced blood flow to the penis and nerve damage are the commonest physical causes.

Physical Causes may be as a result of:

Injury to the penis, the pelvis, spinal cord or the brain.

Diseases such as diabetes which causes high blood sugar levels resulting in nerve damage. Liver damage, kidney disease and arteriosclerosis causes hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels. High blood pressure and high cholesterol all contribute to the effects of ED.

A venous leak will prevent the blood from staying in the arteries and the penis will not remain rigid.

Surgery

Surgery to the pelvic region, radical surgery of the prostate and bladder (due to cancer) which may result in nerve damage.

Psychological

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