by Steven Howell

Created on: March 01, 2009   Last Updated: March 03, 2009

The U.S. Army is full of pithy wisdom on backpacking (we call it ruck-marching) such as "travel light, freeze at night," and "take care of your dogs, and they'll take care of you." We soldiers know the agony of walking miles with a Volkswagen on our backs and what helps, so I'll offer up the wisdom of experience. C.S. Lewis once said that "pain is God's megaphone." How about some quiet advice instead?

Layering one's clothing while backpacking in warm weather isn't as critical as in the cold, though you'll want to protect yourself from sunburn, insects, and prickly vegetation. In hot weather underwear is optional, at least for men. Going "commando" allows the air circulation essential to avoid chafing. Regardless of whether you choose to wear undergarments in hot weather, ensure you pick clothing that breathes and allows good circulation. This holds true for both inner and outer garments. Wear a hat, drink water, and avoid losing your place at the top of the food chain.

For the rest of this article, I will focus on backpacking in cold weather. This is where layering is critical to your health and comfort.

There are two major reasons to dress in layers while backpacking: heat and moisture management and protection from the elements. Mismanaging either of these responsibilities can result in anything from discomfort to hypothermia to frostbite, especially in mountainous or desert environments where drastic and dramatic changes in ambient temperature are the norm.

Managing heat is essential when backpacking. It is tempting to bundle up for comfort's sake when striking out on a cold morning, but resist this temptation! It's worth a few minutes shivering to be comfortable for the long haul, especially if you're carrying several days worth of supply on your back. Think of your backpack as a walking-powered heater, and get to it. You will soon be toasty-warm and full of trail-joy. If you set out looking like Nanook of the North, you will soon be drenched in perspiration. Moisture equals misery. Wear gloves and a hat for comfort. These articles can be transferred to a pocket once you get warmed up.

Wear an inner layer of moisture-wicking material against the skin such as nylon, silk, or polypropylene it's a really frigid day. If moisture rests against your skin on a cold day, you will be miserable and at risk of a cold weather injury. This is why it's not a great idea to wear that comfortable cotton t-shirt or thermal top next to your skin. Cotton absorbs and holds moisture.

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