Mastitis found in goats is usually minor but some forms can become dangerous, even deadly. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland which is typically caused from an infection but can also be triggered from an improper diet and unsanitary living conditions. An injury to the udder, a poor living environment, improper milking practices, and transfer from another animal can all be causes of mastitis.
Staphylococcus aureus has attributed to most infections that lead to mastitis in goats although the disease can be caused by a variety of bacterium. When left untreated, this infection can progress into gangrene and to the death of the animal.
This disease can be subclinical, acute, or chronic. Clinical is described as that which has visible abnormalities to the udder and/or the milk. Acute is characterized as showing redness and swelling to the udders. The goat may also experience a fever and be lethargic. This form can be fatal if not treated. Subclinical mastitis is usually diagnosed after the cellular content of the milk has been measured.
Symptoms of mastitis can include udders that are hard and hot to the touch. The udders may be tender and the milk can be stringy and contain blood. In severe cases, the milk may appear watery, have a dark red secretion and can be accompanied with air or gas bubbles.
A veterinarian should be consulted any time a goat is showing symptoms of mastitis. Testing should be done not only to confirm mastitis but also the bacteria that have caused the disorder. Home tests are also available such as the California mastitis test (CMT). However, these tests are more reliable for ruling out mastitis rather than diagnosing the disease.
In some cases, the udder can be "milked out" but the goat should also be treated with antibiotics. Antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, and other therapies may be required especially if the infection has spread into other parts of the goat's body. Goat owners are urged to seek veterinarian care for advice and treatment for mastitis.
Clean bedding should be provided and all items used during milking should be sanitized after each use. The udders should be washed and dried before and after each milking and an owner's hands should also be clean. A goat's environment should be dry, well ventilated, and any goats that are sick should be quarantined.
During the milking process, the small sphincter muscle relaxes which allows the milk to let down. It can take up to 30 minutes for this muscle to close again after milking which is the perfect time for bacteria to infect an udder. Using a teat dip after each milking can aid against infections of the udders. Provide goats with a proper diet and any areas they come in contact with should be sanitary. Prevention is important in keeping goats free from bacteria especially those that cause mastitis.
References:
STOREY'S GUIDE TO RAISING DAIRY GOATS, by Jerry Belanger