2 of 12

Write now Article Tools

Page 2 of 2

and Braque were painting into a number of facets and planes, showcasing several aspects of objects simultaneously. This work concentrated on geometric forms and used a palette of subdued colors.

The second phase, Synthetic Cubism, used more decorative shapes, and incorporated techniques of stenciling, collage, and a brighter palette of colors. Artists started using pieces of alternative paper (like newspaper), incorporating these images into their work.

PAPIER COLLE AND COLLAGE
The technique of papier colle ("pasted paper") was invented by Georges Braque in 1913. At that time, he cut out squares of paper that imitated wood, adhering them to cardboard and creating a still life that incorporated this false wood. This technique was adopted by Picasso and Matisse and usually involved paper with imitation wood engravings, stenciled lettering, and fake marble, placed in layers on canvas before painting.

This collage effect (using a wide variety of alternative material, such as paper, news clippings, and photographs) was adapted not only by the Cubists, but was later adopted by artists like Max Ernst and the Surrealists.

Georges Braque also pioneered another technique during this period: mixing sand with paint to achieve a more textured effect.

THE THIRD CUBIST
Although the movement of Cubism affected many artists, the circle of Cubism was small, largely confined to the experimentation of Picasso and Braque. Yet there was one more Cubist who deserves special mention: Juan Gris (1887-1927). Because this Spanish painter died very young, he never progressed into other artistic visions and is often labeled as the single "absolute Cubist." Gris's contribution to the Cubist movement was profound, however. He brightened and clarified the movement, and this joyfulness can be seen in one of his most famous works, "Fantomas" (1915). This harlequin-like painting, characterized by shifting planes, reflects the world of entertainment, containing bits of newspaper, magazines, and other media in a bright, stylish sophisticated whole.

CUBISM'S LASTING VALUE
Although the Cubist paintings were complex, they relied on simple subjects, like drinking glasses, newspapers, and musical instruments. Many of the paintings even look striking similar in subject and tone. Braque once compared his relationship to Picasso as that of two climbers, roped together, each pulling the other upward. Braque alone was the only painter to ever work closely with Picasso on an idea and ideal. Together they carried art (through Cubism) to a brilliant new level. No longer would there be boundaries to the truth, as seen through art. Instead, a form would emerge incorporating a wide range of aspects all intuited together. It was a revolution.

Learn more about this author, Christine Zibas.
Click here to send this author comments or questions.

• << previous page
• 1
• 2

Add your voice

Know something about Art history: Understanding cubism?
We want to hear your view. Write now!