by R K vanderHoek

Created on: January 21, 2009

The "Big Bang Theory" describes a rapid initial and then slowed, but, now accelerating, continual cosmic expansion of our observable universe from a super, hyper, mega, giga, uber, very, very, very dense particle of energy-mass, about 13.7 billion years ago. This has been confirmed extensively by galactic red shift, type 1-A supernova and Cosmic Microwave Background data. The major question in cosmology is where did the particle that our universe expanded from, come from and why did it explode? To be able to understand the universe at the largest astrophysical scale it is necessary to understand how things work at the smallest of scales, inside the proton, in the nucleus of the atom. The similarities are astounding.

FUNDAMENTAL MECHANICS

In the early 1970's, Quark Theory was relatively well established but, no quarks or direct evidence of any had been found. A film titled "The Hunting of the Quark", ["Horizon"- Educational Scientific Series, written & produced by David Paterson, (1974) Time-Life] was aired on Public Television on November 17, 1974. (NOVA). [Hunting of the Quark (The)] Smashing matter into ever smaller pieces in an attempt to find its fundamental building blocks has produced a confused nightmare of particles. NOVA looks at this on-again, off-again story, one of science's most mysterious and, one of the most expensive, involving some of the biggest machines in the world. Original broadcast date: 11/17/74 Topic: physics "The Hunting of the Quark" A portion of this film described an exclusive reaction (electron-proton scattering experiment) that was done at Stanford University
and what was found when computer analysis was done with the data. A program was run to search for any charge morphology or configuration on the proton. In the film, an animation was shown of a rapidly alternating charge pattern that was found, as the only symmetrical configuration to fit the scattering data. The animation represented the proton as a sphere with two counter spinning rings of positive charge, each rotating near the relative poles, in one state. In the alternate state, four point charges were shown equally displaced around the equator of the proton.

The Changing Shape of Protons; These four point charges then began to simultaneously elongate into linear arc charges stretching out toward, and almost reaching the poles of the sphere. The film's narrator stated that, "theorists could explain what might cause the ring charges to occur, but were unable to account

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